In Kant's Third Critique 1790, the Critique of Judgment (German: Kritik der Urteilskraft) discusses a person’s ability to form his own opinion, to be able to make a judgment on a particular subject. These definitions follow from the translation of the word Urteil from German. If we assume that the general is given, then the definition of the special is, according to Kant, the ability of judgment. The process of searching from special to general Kant called Reflective judgment. In this process, three main components are distinguished - beauty, the sublime and teleology.
1. Since beauty is not given to things, it is not ontological, we form the concept of beauty in relation to the outside world. Beauty is disinterested, not related to animal feelings of pleasure, this is a sense of balance and harmony, but characteristic of universal subjective opinion. Beauty is expedient without a goal, and it is necessary only in a subjective sense.
2. The concept of sublime is different from beauty. If the beautiful refers to the form of the object, then the sublime can be formless. It rather draws consciousness and makes it agitate and worried. These feelings are not always positive, they can be very negative, but they are always infinitely huge, strong, where in contrast a person becomes miserable and neglected.
3. The teleological ability of judgment is trying to find a reason and a goal, but cannot do it. Switching to the expediency of nature, Kant comes to the conclusion about its finiteness and focus on the man. He calls a man the ultimate goal of nature, and the latter, in turn, through the reflecting power of judgment, can realize the absence of the goal of nature.
Thus, it turns out such a closed process of human existence in nature, where he can think that the goal exists, but it does not. Or the purpose is in the essence of the search for this goal, it may be the ability to distinguish, make judgments about the beauty, as well as find the place between beauty and the sublime.
Bibliography and references
1. Kant, I., (1790) Critique of Judgment, SUMMARY CRITIQUE OF JUDGMENT [online] At: https://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/kant/section3/(Accessed 22.02.2020)
2. Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_Judgment (Accessed 22.02.2020)
3. Реале Д., и Антисери Д., (1996) Западная Философия От Истоков До Наших Дней, ТОО ТК «Петрополис», Санкт-Петербург
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